These are so nice!Thank you for sharing your haiku. It's also really great that you share the exact time and day of the scene - it's a poetic weather report - I'll have to see if you've sent more in. I'd love to see a whole book of them in chronological order with a painting or photo to go with them.On second thought, the words are conveying the scene just as well as a picture so maybe just the words. Anyway, I really like them, they are compelling and have a strong voice.
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Oh, my heart, Dymi! I'm leaving a comment to let you know that I read this, but I don't really know what to say other than I am listening - the pain you express here is not one that is okay to respond to blithely. Thank you for opening a door on that. I'll transcribe it for others, and hope that finds its way to more ears.
In the second half of the 19th century, Austrian rule gradually ended. Lombardy was ceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia with the Armistice of Villafranca in 1859, at the end of the Second War of Independence. Veneto and part of Friuli were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, after the Third War of Independence. Trentino and Alto Adige remained under Austrian rule until the end of World War I in 1918.
Now in English. Today I would like to discuss Austrian rule in Italy. Austrian rule in Italy primarily affected Northern Italy in two distinct periods: from 1713 to 1796 and after the Congress of Vienna (1815), until the unification of Italy. The first period of rule began following the War of the Spanish Succession. From 1713, Lombardy came under Austrian control. This period lasted until Napoleon Bonaparte's first invasion in 1796. Between the first Austrian rule and the second, there was the period of French rule, characterized by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasions. The second rule was a consequence of the Restoration sanctioned by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when Austria consolidated its power over the peninsula. The territories directly controlled were: The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, formally created in 1815 and composed of Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino, and Alto Adige. Austria also exercised strong indirect influence over other Italian states, such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Modena, and the Duchy of Parma, which were often governed by relatives of the Austrian imperial family. The Austrian administration was generally efficient, with a well-organized bureaucratic and fiscal system. Almost all political and administrative decisions were made in Vienna, leaving little room for local autonomy. However, there were important reforms that favoured agriculture and industry. With the rise of the Risorgimento movement, which aimed to achieve Italian independence, the Austrian government became more repressive and authoritarian. Many Italian patriots were sentenced to death or imprisoned in special prisons, notorious for the harsh conditions of their inmates.
RSS
Lombardy was ceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia with the Armistice of Villafranca in 1859, at the end of the Second War of Independence.
Veneto and part of Friuli were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, after the Third War of Independence.
Trentino and Alto Adige remained under Austrian rule until the end of World War I in 1918.
Beste Regards.
Roberto
Today I would like to discuss Austrian rule in Italy.
Austrian rule in Italy primarily affected Northern Italy in two distinct periods: from 1713 to 1796 and after the Congress of Vienna (1815), until the unification of Italy.
The first period of rule began following the War of the Spanish Succession. From 1713, Lombardy came under Austrian control. This period lasted until Napoleon Bonaparte's first invasion in 1796.
Between the first Austrian rule and the second, there was the period of French rule, characterized by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasions.
The second rule was a consequence of the Restoration sanctioned by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when Austria consolidated its power over the peninsula. The territories directly controlled were:
The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, formally created in 1815 and composed of Lombardy, Veneto,
Trentino, and Alto Adige.
Austria also exercised strong indirect influence over other Italian states, such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Modena, and the Duchy of Parma, which were often governed by relatives of the Austrian imperial family.
The Austrian administration was generally efficient, with a well-organized bureaucratic and fiscal system. Almost all political and administrative decisions were made in Vienna, leaving little room for local autonomy. However, there were important reforms that favoured agriculture and industry.
With the rise of the Risorgimento movement, which aimed to achieve Italian independence, the Austrian government became more repressive and authoritarian. Many Italian patriots were sentenced to death or imprisoned in special prisons, notorious for the harsh conditions of their inmates.