In the second half of the 19th century, Austrian rule gradually ended. Lombardy was ceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia with the Armistice of Villafranca in 1859, at the end of the Second War of Independence. Veneto and part of Friuli were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, after the Third War of Independence. Trentino and Alto Adige remained under Austrian rule until the end of World War I in 1918.
Now in English. Today I would like to discuss Austrian rule in Italy. Austrian rule in Italy primarily affected Northern Italy in two distinct periods: from 1713 to 1796 and after the Congress of Vienna (1815), until the unification of Italy. The first period of rule began following the War of the Spanish Succession. From 1713, Lombardy came under Austrian control. This period lasted until Napoleon Bonaparte's first invasion in 1796. Between the first Austrian rule and the second, there was the period of French rule, characterized by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasions. The second rule was a consequence of the Restoration sanctioned by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when Austria consolidated its power over the peninsula. The territories directly controlled were: The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, formally created in 1815 and composed of Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino, and Alto Adige. Austria also exercised strong indirect influence over other Italian states, such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Modena, and the Duchy of Parma, which were often governed by relatives of the Austrian imperial family. The Austrian administration was generally efficient, with a well-organized bureaucratic and fiscal system. Almost all political and administrative decisions were made in Vienna, leaving little room for local autonomy. However, there were important reforms that favoured agriculture and industry. With the rise of the Risorgimento movement, which aimed to achieve Italian independence, the Austrian government became more repressive and authoritarian. Many Italian patriots were sentenced to death or imprisoned in special prisons, notorious for the harsh conditions of their inmates.
Hi Dimitry, many thanks for your kind letter, I beg your pardon if I could not write sooner. I am pleased to hear that you liked my letter. I saw the Olympic Games in TV, I did not have the opportunity of seeing any of the athletes in person. I think it would be difficult for me to come to Los Angeles to see the Olympic Games in 2028. I do not know much about American politics, I read some of your post which are interesting. American politics often appears to Italians as a system of sharp contrasts, where media hype tends to obscure the debate on real issues. While we admire the United States' economic dynamism and capacity for innovation, growing polarization is worrying. The current President of US is a controversial politician who is intimidating because of his risky political choices. Ora in Italiano. Oggi vorrei parlarti della dominazione austriaca in Italia. La dominazione austriaca in Italia ha interessato principalmente il Nord Italia in due periodi distinti: (dal 1713 al 1796 e dopo il Congresso di Vienna (1815), fino all'Unità d'Italia. La prima dominazione iniziò in seguito alla Guerra di successione spagnola dal 1713, la Lombardia passò sotto il controllo degli austriaci. Questo periodo durò fino alla prima invasione di Napoleone Buonaparte del 1796. Tra la prima dominazione austriaca e la seconda, abbiamo il periodo della dominazione francese caratterizzata dalle invasioni di Napoleone Bonaparte. La seconda dominazione fu conseguenza della Restaurazione sancita dal Congresso di Vienna nel 1815, l'Austria consolidò il suo potere sulla penisola. I territori direttamente controllati furono: Il Regno Lombardo-Veneto, creato formalmente nel 1815 e composto dalla Lombardia, dal Veneto, dal Trentino e l'Alto Adige. L'Austria esercitava anche una forte influenza indiretta su altri Stati italiani, come il Granducato di Toscana, il Ducato di Modena e il Ducato di Parma, che erano spesso governati da parenti della famiglia imperiale austriaca. L'amministrazione austriaca era generalmente efficiente, con un sistema burocratico e fiscale ben organizzato. Quasi tutte le decisioni politiche e amministrative venivano prese a Vienna dando pochissimo spazio all'autonomia locale, in compenso ci furono importanti riforme che favorirono l'agricoltura e l'industria. Con la nascita del movimento risorgimentale, che aveva come obbiettivo l’indipendenza dell’Italia, il governo austriaco divenne più repressivo e autoritario. Molti patrioti italiani furono condannati a morte o imprigionati in carceri speciali, noti per la durezza delle condizioni dei detenuti. Nella seconda metà del 1800 la dominazione austriaca finì gradualmente. La Lombardia fu ceduta al Regno di Sardegna con l'Armistizio di Villafranca nel 1859, al termine della Seconda Guerra d'Indipendenza. Il Veneto e parte del Friuli furono annessi al Regno d'Italia nel 1866, dopo la Terza Guerra d'Indipendenza.
Wow, 446 posts. If you remember from 19 years ago, it's Phillip Madison. Can you write about stories from your time in? What kind of things happen there? Maybe spend some time letting people know what life is like there. I have not seen a post yet this year. Is there an electronic way to contact you? Do you have Internet access?
Hi Maze, Y here! Thanks so much for getting back to me. I love your writings and would love to hear about any/all things you'd want to write about! As for if I have any questions...I am a bit curious as to what your day-to-day life is like and what you wish more people knew about you!
James, the differrence between CGI and AI is the content. CGI is created by humans using computer graphic tools available to create fairly realistic cartoons around human characters or characters with human voices. AI is computer generated content, with inages created by computers and that content voiced by computers. The public deserves to know when what is passed as artistry is not art but a pale imitation of a supercomputers conception of what would pass as art. For instance, there are songs out right now, fully created by artificial intelligence, written based on algorithms that pass as an amalgamation of wisdom or foklsey commentary. Then voiced by sound waves generated by computer that analyze popular singers and base the sound wave on them. The music is not performed by instruments but synthesized based on what those instruments sound like. Even the image of the artist is fake based on what the masses think is handsome or beautiful. In a word, they are fake 100. Of course idoltry in America is off the chain, but to idolize nothing (AI content) denigrates the value of the human being. Oh by the way, this was a generated human opinion, penned by a human, John
"You talking to me? You talking to me? You talking to me? Then who the h*ll else are you talking... you talking to me? Well, I'm the only one here."
Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon (the first ecclesiastical full moon occurring on or after the spring equinox, when day and night are approximately ewual, March 21. Because Lunar cycles don't match the Earth around the sun cycle, Easter falls between March 22 and April 25. The lunar cycle syncs with the earth cycle using a 19-year lunar cycle (Golden Number) to approximate the moon's phases.
First, use the Golden Number by identifying the year's place in the 19-year lunar cycle (Year 19 +1).
Epact: Determine the age of the moon on January 1st to determine the lunar phase.
Paschal Full Moon: Locate the first full moon on or after the Equinox.
Easter Day: The next Sunday following that full moon.
D-A data mining challenge ( a religious one to boot) is going to send me into that proverbial rabbit hole. The method you postulated reminded me of the WSJ annual challenge, where monkeys with darts and a journal listing challenge a team of stock picking experts, in order to determine who will wear the crown of efficacy. Note to writer, use monks instead of priests for colorful, memorable, imagery.
For anyone that by great chance, would read this post, you should know that Chuck lost his fight against the death penalty of his state.
Until Americans understand the cruelty of the death penalty, elderly Americans will continue to be executed, after decades of incarceration. It is not the same person who is executed compared to the person who committed the capital crime.
BTB do not forward this email, Chuck is gone. Please don't remove his mark here either. I knew Chuck through interaction outside this website, and I respected him. Charles fought for life up until the end.
Chuck's powerful last words can be read on the internet; they reflect a man who deeply regretted his actions, wished healing for his victim's survivors, and recognized the sovereignty of his God.
RSS
Lombardy was ceded to the Kingdom of Sardinia with the Armistice of Villafranca in 1859, at the end of the Second War of Independence.
Veneto and part of Friuli were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, after the Third War of Independence.
Trentino and Alto Adige remained under Austrian rule until the end of World War I in 1918.
Beste Regards.
Roberto
Today I would like to discuss Austrian rule in Italy.
Austrian rule in Italy primarily affected Northern Italy in two distinct periods: from 1713 to 1796 and after the Congress of Vienna (1815), until the unification of Italy.
The first period of rule began following the War of the Spanish Succession. From 1713, Lombardy came under Austrian control. This period lasted until Napoleon Bonaparte's first invasion in 1796.
Between the first Austrian rule and the second, there was the period of French rule, characterized by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasions.
The second rule was a consequence of the Restoration sanctioned by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when Austria consolidated its power over the peninsula. The territories directly controlled were:
The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, formally created in 1815 and composed of Lombardy, Veneto,
Trentino, and Alto Adige.
Austria also exercised strong indirect influence over other Italian states, such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Modena, and the Duchy of Parma, which were often governed by relatives of the Austrian imperial family.
The Austrian administration was generally efficient, with a well-organized bureaucratic and fiscal system. Almost all political and administrative decisions were made in Vienna, leaving little room for local autonomy. However, there were important reforms that favoured agriculture and industry.
With the rise of the Risorgimento movement, which aimed to achieve Italian independence, the Austrian government became more repressive and authoritarian. Many Italian patriots were sentenced to death or imprisoned in special prisons, notorious for the harsh conditions of their inmates.
many thanks for your kind letter, I beg your pardon if I could not write sooner.
I am pleased to hear that you liked my letter.
I saw the Olympic Games in TV, I did not have the opportunity of seeing any of the athletes in person.
I think it would be difficult for me to come to Los Angeles to see the Olympic Games in 2028.
I do not know much about American politics, I read some of your post which are interesting.
American politics often appears to Italians as a system of sharp contrasts, where media hype tends to obscure the debate on real issues. While we admire the United States' economic dynamism and capacity for innovation, growing polarization is worrying. The current President of US is a controversial politician who is intimidating because of his risky political choices.
Ora in Italiano.
Oggi vorrei parlarti della dominazione austriaca in Italia.
La dominazione austriaca in Italia ha interessato principalmente il Nord Italia in due periodi distinti: (dal 1713 al 1796 e dopo il Congresso di Vienna (1815), fino all'Unità d'Italia.
La prima dominazione iniziò in seguito alla Guerra di successione spagnola dal 1713, la Lombardia passò sotto il controllo degli austriaci. Questo periodo durò fino alla prima invasione di Napoleone Buonaparte del 1796.
Tra la prima dominazione austriaca e la seconda, abbiamo il periodo della dominazione francese caratterizzata dalle invasioni di Napoleone Bonaparte.
La seconda dominazione fu conseguenza della Restaurazione sancita dal Congresso di Vienna nel 1815, l'Austria consolidò il suo potere sulla penisola. I territori direttamente controllati furono:
Il Regno Lombardo-Veneto, creato formalmente nel 1815 e composto dalla Lombardia, dal Veneto, dal
Trentino e l'Alto Adige.
L'Austria esercitava anche una forte influenza indiretta su altri Stati italiani, come il Granducato di Toscana, il Ducato di Modena e il Ducato di Parma, che erano spesso governati da parenti della famiglia imperiale austriaca.
L'amministrazione austriaca era generalmente efficiente, con un sistema burocratico e fiscale ben organizzato. Quasi tutte le decisioni politiche e amministrative venivano prese a Vienna dando pochissimo spazio all'autonomia locale, in compenso ci furono importanti riforme che favorirono l'agricoltura e l'industria.
Con la nascita del movimento risorgimentale, che aveva come obbiettivo l’indipendenza dell’Italia, il governo austriaco divenne più repressivo e autoritario. Molti patrioti italiani furono condannati a morte o imprigionati in carceri speciali, noti per la durezza delle condizioni dei detenuti.
Nella seconda metà del 1800 la dominazione austriaca finì gradualmente.
La Lombardia fu ceduta al Regno di Sardegna con l'Armistizio di Villafranca nel 1859, al termine della Seconda Guerra d'Indipendenza.
Il Veneto e parte del Friuli furono annessi al Regno d'Italia nel 1866, dopo la Terza Guerra d'Indipendenza.
Regards,
Raven
Y here! Thanks so much for getting back to me. I love your writings and would love to hear about any/all things you'd want to write about! As for if I have any questions...I am a bit curious as to what your day-to-day life is like and what you wish more people knew about you!
Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon (the first ecclesiastical full moon occurring on or after the spring equinox, when day and night are approximately ewual, March 21. Because Lunar cycles don't match the Earth around the sun cycle, Easter falls between March 22 and April 25. The lunar cycle syncs with the earth cycle using a 19-year lunar cycle (Golden Number) to approximate the moon's phases.
First, use the Golden Number by identifying the year's place in the 19-year lunar cycle (Year 19 +1).
Epact: Determine the age of the moon on January 1st to determine the lunar phase.
Paschal Full Moon: Locate the first full moon on or after the Equinox.
Easter Day: The next Sunday following that full moon.
D-A data mining challenge ( a religious one to boot) is going to send me into that proverbial rabbit hole. The method you postulated reminded me of the WSJ annual challenge, where monkeys with darts and a journal listing challenge a team of stock picking experts, in order to determine who will wear the crown of efficacy. Note to writer, use monks instead of priests for colorful, memorable, imagery.
Until Americans understand the cruelty of the death penalty, elderly Americans will continue to be executed, after decades of incarceration. It is not the same person who is executed compared to the person who committed the capital crime.
BTB do not forward this email, Chuck is gone. Please don't remove his mark here either. I knew Chuck through interaction outside this website, and I respected him. Charles fought for life up until the end.
Chuck's powerful last words can be read on the internet; they reflect a man who deeply regretted his actions, wished healing for his victim's survivors, and recognized the sovereignty of his God.
R.I.P.,my Brother.